Consensus flow list

Identity

Type
Chemical salt
CAS
12036-37-2
EC
405-290-6
Origin
EF 3.1 hybrid_name_cas_v1
Changes
54 across every transformer

Structure

Structure diagram for Zinc Stannate

This substance carries 4 candidate structures; the diagram is the first one RDKit could parse, not a settled answer.

Alternative labels

9

Properties

PropertyValue
InChI2D key string chemrof:inchi2d_key_string BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N, ILTHVJJFYPQQHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N, VPTKDWFLVOCIHL-UHFFFAOYSA-L, WDDDUJZPTIVNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI2D string chemrof:inchi2d_string InChI=1S/3H2O.Sn.Zn/h3*1H2;;/q;;;;+2/p-2, InChI=1S/3O.Sn.Zn/q;2*-1;;+2, InChI=1S/H2O.2O.Sn.Zn.H/h1H2;;;;;/q;2*-2;+3;+2;/p-1, InChI=1S/H2O.Sn.Zn/h1H2;;
IUPAC name chemrof:IUPAC_name zinc bis(oxidanidyl)-oxidanylidene-tin, zinc dioxido(oxo)tin, zinc keto(dioxido)tin, zinc;bis(oxygen(2-));tin(3+) monohydride;hydroxide
Molecular formula chemrof:molecular_formula H2O3SnZn, H2OSnZn, H4O3SnZn, O3SnZn
SMILES string chemrof:smiles_string O.[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Sn], O.[Zn].[Sn], [O-][Sn](=O)[O-].[Zn+2], [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[Zn+2].[SnH+3]

Known URLs

10

Where else this substance is described. Collected while the pipeline resolved it — from ChEBI's cross-references, from PubChem's identifier list, and from the CAS number — so a link here is a record the merge actually read, not a search it suggests.

Resource URL Recorded by
CAS Common Chemistry https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2 enrich_references.consensus_cas_link
chem.echa.europa.eu https://chem.echa.europa.eu/100.100.687 enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url
chem.echa.europa.eu https://chem.echa.europa.eu/100.133.800 enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url
comptox.epa.gov https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID5065196 enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url
PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/156588688 enrich_references.pubchem_compound
PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/170842731 enrich_references.pubchem_compound
PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/170919932 enrich_references.pubchem_compound
PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/82851 enrich_references.pubchem_compound
wikidata.org https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72516933 enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url
Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_chemical_formulas enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url

Elementary flows

13
Flow Context Source Unit CFs
7f41bbb4-ff0d-4805-8dda-9f58748fd6da Environmental → Air → Aircraft cruise height EF 3.1 kg 2
9255a976-293b-4ea7-b006-9dc1f664f59d Environmental → Air → Ground level → Urban (>1000 people/square mile) EF 3.1 kg 2
ede9a5f2-b2fe-415a-9659-2bdd29c7dc79 Environmental → Air → Indoor EF 3.1 kg 2
f36206a0-1e09-4c69-8bc2-0c370e418933 Environmental → Air → Long-term EF 3.1 kg 0
e40314a5-0f8b-4b7f-9952-a4cb5330392a Environmental → Air → Medium stack, <150 meters → Rural (<1000 people/square mile) EF 3.1 kg 2
2ea75715-1fc7-444f-8588-3ccae4fe5b4c Environmental → Air → Unknown EF 3.1 kg 2
0c599655-b8fc-4e3b-9c26-0c0b48e98562 Environmental → Ground → Agricultural EF 3.1 kg 2
753ea215-58a3-4a77-8ad4-bf66d7db4fad Environmental → Ground → Non-agricultural EF 3.1 kg 2
8629f451-4397-4cff-8374-a31cbcbeb5c8 Environmental → Ground → Unknown EF 3.1 kg 2
de6b81c1-92bd-4bf4-95e7-2ed3fe7a32fc Environmental → Water → Long-term EF 3.1 kg 0
5a53a33c-2760-4a21-9e39-7e34815b64bb Environmental → Water → Ocean EF 3.1 kg 2
5bb8f803-8dae-4e6f-bf3f-5ba3a555bfe7 Environmental → Water → Surface water EF 3.1 kg 2
f19f3090-83da-45d9-9367-3b00e3df5537 Environmental → Water → Unknown EF 3.1 kg 2

History

Everything that changed this substance (54 changes)

Open the changes page

Full record

Flow object JSON
{
  "flow_object_id": "fo-9c3ab43bb74d207a",
  "prefLabel": [
    {
      "@value": "Zinc Stannate",
      "@language": "en",
      "@lang": "en",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "bootstrap_labels",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "EF 3.1"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "legacy name field"
      }
    }
  ],
  "altLabel": [
    {
      "@value": "Alcanex ZS",
      "@language": "en",
      "@lang": "en",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CAS:12036-37-2",
          "EF 3.1",
          "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
      }
    },
    {
      "@value": "Flamtard S",
      "@language": "en",
      "@lang": "en",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CAS:12036-37-2",
          "EF 3.1",
          "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
      }
    },
    {
      "@value": "Stannane, dihydroxy-, 1-oxide, zinc salt (1:1)",
      "@language": "en",
      "@lang": "en",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CAS:12036-37-2",
          "EF 3.1",
          "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
      }
    },
    {
      "@value": "Storflam ZS",
      "@language": "en",
      "@lang": "en",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CAS:12036-37-2",
          "EF 3.1",
          "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
      }
    },
    {
      "@value": "Tin zinc oxide (SnZnO3)",
      "@language": "en",
      "@lang": "en",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CAS:12036-37-2",
          "EF 3.1",
          "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
      }
    },
    {
      "@value": "Tin zinc oxide (ZnSnO3)",
      "@language": "en",
      "@lang": "en",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CAS:12036-37-2",
          "EF 3.1",
          "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
      }
    },
    {
      "@value": "Zinc stannate (ZnSnO3)",
      "@language": "en",
      "@lang": "en",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CAS:12036-37-2",
          "EF 3.1",
          "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
      }
    },
    {
      "@value": "Zinc stannate(IV) (ZnSnO3)",
      "@language": "en",
      "@lang": "en",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CAS:12036-37-2",
          "EF 3.1",
          "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
      }
    },
    {
      "@value": "Zinc tin oxide (ZnSnO3)",
      "@language": "en",
      "@lang": "en",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CAS:12036-37-2",
          "EF 3.1",
          "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
      }
    }
  ],
  "properties": {
    "https://w3id.org/chemrof/molecular_formula": {
      "@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/molecular_formula",
      "@value": [
        "H2O3SnZn",
        "H2OSnZn",
        "H4O3SnZn",
        "O3SnZn"
      ],
      "attested_by": {
        "H2O3SnZn": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ],
        "H2OSnZn": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ],
        "H4O3SnZn": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
          "rdkit_post_consensus"
        ],
        "O3SnZn": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ]
      },
      "rdfs:label": "Molecular formula",
      "provenance": [
        {
          "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
          "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
          "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
            "CID:82851",
            "CID:156588688",
            "CID:170842731",
            "CID:170919932"
          ],
          "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.props.Molecular Formula"
        },
        {
          "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
          "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
          "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
            "O.[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Sn]"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "https://w3id.org/chemrof/inchi2d_key_string": {
      "@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/inchi2d_key_string",
      "@value": [
        "BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N",
        "ILTHVJJFYPQQHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N",
        "VPTKDWFLVOCIHL-UHFFFAOYSA-L",
        "WDDDUJZPTIVNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M"
      ],
      "attested_by": {
        "BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ],
        "ILTHVJJFYPQQHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ],
        "VPTKDWFLVOCIHL-UHFFFAOYSA-L": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
          "rdkit_post_consensus"
        ],
        "WDDDUJZPTIVNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ]
      },
      "rdfs:label": "InChIKey",
      "provenance": [
        {
          "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
          "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
          "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
            "CID:82851",
            "CID:156588688",
            "CID:170842731",
            "CID:170919932"
          ],
          "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.props.InChIKey"
        },
        {
          "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
          "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
          "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
            "O.[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Sn]"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "https://w3id.org/chemrof/smiles_string": {
      "@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/smiles_string",
      "@value": [
        "O.[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Sn]",
        "O.[Zn].[Sn]",
        "[O-][Sn](=O)[O-].[Zn+2]",
        "[OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[Zn+2].[SnH+3]"
      ],
      "attested_by": {
        "O.[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Sn]": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
          "rdkit_post_consensus"
        ],
        "O.[Zn].[Sn]": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ],
        "[O-][Sn](=O)[O-].[Zn+2]": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ],
        "[OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[Zn+2].[SnH+3]": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ]
      },
      "rdfs:label": "SMILES",
      "provenance": [
        {
          "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
          "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
          "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
            "CID:82851",
            "CID:156588688",
            "CID:170842731",
            "CID:170919932"
          ],
          "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.props.SMILES"
        },
        {
          "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
          "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
          "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
            "O.[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Sn]"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "https://w3id.org/chemrof/inchi2d_string": {
      "@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/inchi2d_string",
      "@value": [
        "InChI=1S/3H2O.Sn.Zn/h3*1H2;;/q;;;;+2/p-2",
        "InChI=1S/3O.Sn.Zn/q;2*-1;;+2",
        "InChI=1S/H2O.2O.Sn.Zn.H/h1H2;;;;;/q;2*-2;+3;+2;/p-1",
        "InChI=1S/H2O.Sn.Zn/h1H2;;"
      ],
      "attested_by": {
        "InChI=1S/3H2O.Sn.Zn/h3*1H2;;/q;;;;+2/p-2": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
          "rdkit_post_consensus"
        ],
        "InChI=1S/3O.Sn.Zn/q;2*-1;;+2": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ],
        "InChI=1S/H2O.2O.Sn.Zn.H/h1H2;;;;;/q;2*-2;+3;+2;/p-1": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ],
        "InChI=1S/H2O.Sn.Zn/h1H2;;": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ]
      },
      "rdfs:label": "InChI",
      "provenance": [
        {
          "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
          "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
          "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
            "CID:82851",
            "CID:156588688",
            "CID:170842731",
            "CID:170919932"
          ],
          "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.props.InChI"
        },
        {
          "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
          "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
          "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
            "O.[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Sn]"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    "https://w3id.org/chemrof/IUPAC_name": {
      "@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/IUPAC_name",
      "@value": [
        "zinc bis(oxidanidyl)-oxidanylidene-tin",
        "zinc dioxido(oxo)tin",
        "zinc keto(dioxido)tin",
        "zinc;bis(oxygen(2-));tin(3+) monohydride;hydroxide"
      ],
      "attested_by": {
        "zinc bis(oxidanidyl)-oxidanylidene-tin": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ],
        "zinc dioxido(oxo)tin": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ],
        "zinc keto(dioxido)tin": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ],
        "zinc;bis(oxygen(2-));tin(3+) monohydride;hydroxide": [
          "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic"
        ]
      },
      "rdfs:label": "IUPAC name",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CID:82851",
          "CID:156588688",
          "CID:170842731",
          "CID:170919932"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers.IUPAC Name"
      }
    }
  },
  "references": [
    {
      "@id": "https://chem.echa.europa.eu/100.100.687",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CID:82851;CAS:12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[12036-37-2]"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://chem.echa.europa.eu/100.133.800",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CID:82851;CAS:12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[12036-37-2]"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.consensus_cas_link",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "cas_numbers"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID5065196",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CID:82851;CAS:12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[12036-37-2]"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_chemical_formulas",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CID:82851;CAS:12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[12036-37-2]"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/156588688",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_compound",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CID:156588688;CAS:12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.by_cas[12036-37-2]"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/170842731",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_compound",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CID:170842731;CAS:12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.by_cas[12036-37-2]"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/170919932",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_compound",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CID:170919932;CAS:12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.by_cas[12036-37-2]"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/82851",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_compound",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CID:82851;CAS:12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.by_cas[12036-37-2]"
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72516933",
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "CID:82851;CAS:12036-37-2"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[12036-37-2]"
      }
    }
  ],
  "created_from": {
    "resolver": "hybrid_name_cas_v1",
    "seed_uuid": "0c599655-b8fc-4e3b-9c26-0c0b48e98562",
    "seed_source": "EF 3.1",
    "semantic_typing": {
      "rule": "multi_component_ionic",
      "reason": "",
      "types": [
        "https://w3id.org/chemrof/ChemicalSalt"
      ],
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "semantic_typing.classify",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "semantic_typing.rule.multi_component_ionic"
      }
    }
  },
  "classifications": {
    "http://semanticscience.org/resource/CHEMINF_000446": {
      "@value": [
        "12036-37-2"
      ],
      "rdfs:seeAlso": [
        "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2"
      ],
      "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch": [
        {
          "@id": "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12036-37-2"
        }
      ],
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "hybrid_name_cas_v1",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "EF 3.1"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "cas_numbers"
      }
    },
    "http://semanticscience.org/resource/CHEMINF_000447": {
      "@value": [
        "405-290-6"
      ],
      "rdfs:seeAlso": [
        "https://echa.europa.eu/search-for-chemicals?query=405-290-6"
      ],
      "provenance": {
        "prov:wasGeneratedBy": "hybrid_name_cas_v1",
        "prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
        "prov:hadPrimarySource": [
          "EF 3.1"
        ],
        "prov:wasDerivedFrom": "ec_numbers"
      }
    }
  },
  "origin_qualifier": null,
  "parent_flow_object_id": null,
  "parent_intervention_id": null,
  "@type": [
    "https://w3id.org/chemrof/ChemicalSalt"
  ]
}

Keyboard

?
Show or hide this map
Esc
Close

More as the sections are built.